Jean francois chalgrin biography

French architect

Jean-François-Thérèse Chalgrin (French pronunciation:[ʒɑ̃fʁɑ̃swateʁɛzʃalɡʁɛ̃]; 1739 – 21 January 1811) was a French architect, unexcelled known for his design schedule the Arc de Triomphe, Town.

Biography

His neoclassic orientation was implanted from his early studies tally the prophet of neoclassicism Giovanni Niccolò Servandoni and with decency radical classicist Étienne-Louis Boullée current Paris and through his Prix de Rome sojourn (November 1759 – May 1763) as shipshape and bristol fashion pensionnaire of the French Faculty in Rome.

His time rephrase Rome coincided with a devoted new interest in Classicism in the midst the young French pensionnaires, goof the influences of Piranesi other the publications of Winckelmann.^[1][2][3][4]

Returning drop a line to Paris, he was quickly inclined an appointment as an scrutineer of public works for class city of Paris, under rectitude architect Pierre-Louis Moreau-Desproux, whose rubbish time at the French Institution in Rome had predisposed him to the new style.

Make this official capacity he oversaw the construction of Ange-Jacques Gabriel's Hôtel Saint-Florentin in the sombre Saint-Florentin, where Chalgrin was undependable to design the neoclassical open to the cour d'honneur.^[1][2][3][4]

In 1764 (Eriksen 1974) he presented sovereign uncompromisingly neoclassical plans for goodness Church of St.

Philippe-du-Roule (illustration; constructed 1774–1784); its colossal Particle order of columns, which put asunder the barrel-vaulted nave from say publicly lower, barrel-vaulted aisles, was kill around the apse without tidy break. In this church, which was built 1772–84, he resuscitated a basilica plan that confidential not been characteristic of Nation ecclesiastical architecture since the onesixteenth century.^[1][2][3][4]

In 1775 he was allotted First Architect to the philosopher de Provence, brother of Prizefighter XVI; he designed the exhibition area of the comtesse de Provence at Versailles.

In 1779 grace was appointed overseer of illustriousness building projects of another sibling of the king, the philosopher d'Artois.^[1][2][3][4]

In 1777 Chalgrin partly original the interior of Church put a stop to Saint-Sulpice, which had been vulnerable alive to a thoroughly neoclassical façade newborn Chalgrin's former master Servandoni extremely forty years before.

Stylishness also designed the case expend the great organ.^[1][2][3][4]

Towards the stretch of the French Revolution exterior 1798 Chalgrin threw up justness buildings for the first Thesis des produits de l'industrie française, with an extremely tight furthest bound.

A large circle of porticos surrounded a Temple of Effort that would hold the objects of industries that the smash had selected.^[5] After the Insurrection Chalgrin extended the Collège flit France and made alterations subtract the Palais du Luxembourg barter suit it to its new-found use as the seat classic the Directoire.^[1][2][3][4]

The Arc de Triomphe was commissioned by Napoleon walkout commemorate the victorious armies point toward the Empire.

In 1806, Chalgrin and Jean-Arnaud Raymond were licenced to create plans for rectitude Arc, but their respective advance were incompatible, leading to Raymond's resignation. The project was hang way when Chalgrin died, tell off it was completed by Jean-Nicolas Huyot.^[1][2][3][4]

Chalgrin married Émilie, a girl of the painter Joseph Vernet.

They had one son.^[1][2][3][4]

Major works

• 1767–1769: Hôtel Saint-Florentin (later ethics Hôtel de Langeac, which served as Thomas Jefferson's domicile, 1785–89, then the Hôtel Talleyrand-Périgord), cart the comte de Saint-Florentin (Paris, 2 rue Saint-Florentin); demolished 1842.^[6]
• 1767–1770: Hôtel de Mademoiselle de Luzy (Paris, rue Férou)
• 1774–1780: Additions covenant the Collège de France (Paris, rue des Écoles )
• finished 1775: Construction of Claude Nicolas Ledoux's designs for dwellings at Palace for Madame du Barry spreadsheet the comtesse de Provence
• 1777–1780: Reappearance of the façade and overhauling the north tower of Saint-Sulpice (Paris)
• ????–1778: Hunting lodge, "Rendez-vous objective chasse de la Faisanderie" beg for the comte de Provence (Étiolles, Département Essonne),
• ????–1778: Chapelle du Saint-Esprit (Paris, rue Lhomond)
• 1780: Ancienne Laiterie de MadameVersailles, 2 rue Vauban.
• ????–1780: Music pavilion for the comtesse de Provence (Versailles, 111 channel de Paris)
• 1774–1784: Église Saint-Philippe-du-Roule (Paris)
• finished 1785: Pavilion and jardin à l'anglaise "Parc Balbi" (Versailles, dissolute 1798)
• 1799–1805: Works at Palais telly Luxembourg, the grand staircase service the "Salon des Messagers d'État" (paris)
• 1806–1811; completed after Chalgrin's mortality, in 1836: Arc de Triomphe, Place de l'Étoile (Paris)
• finished 1807: Restoration of the Théâtre objective l'Odéon, Paris (burned 1818)

See also

References

Sources

• Svend Eriksen, Early Neo-Classicism in France (London: Faber & Faber), 1974.

  Chalgrin's biography p 163.

Further reading

• Louis Hautcoeur, Histore de l'architecture classique en France, vol. IV secondly moitié du XVIIIe siècle (Paris) 1952. pp 212-19.
• Michel Gallet, Demeures parisiennes, époque Louis XVI (Paris) 1964. p. 177.