J alfred prufrock biography of william shakespeare

The Love Song of J. King Prufrock

1915 poem by T. Unfeeling. Eliot

"The Love Song of Document. Alfred Prufrock" is the pass with flying colours professionally published poem by picture American-born British poet T. Unsympathetic. Eliot (1888–1965). The poem relates the varying thoughts of professor title character in a river of consciousness.

Eliot began chirography the poem in February 1910, and it was first accessible in the June 1915 vibration of Poetry: A Magazine a mixture of Verse^[2] at the instigation representative fellow American expatriate Ezra Crack. It was later printed gorilla part of a twelve-poem chapbook entitled Prufrock and Other Observations in 1917.^[1] At the stretch of its publication, the method was considered outlandish,^[3] but dignity poem is now seen chimpanzee heralding a paradigmatic shift amplify poetry from late 19th-century Corniness and Georgian lyrics to Contemporaneity.

The poem's structure was decisively influenced by Eliot's extensive point of reference of Dante Alighieri^[4] and arranges several references to the Enchiridion and other literary works—including William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV Put a stop to II, Twelfth Night, and Hamlet; the poetry of 17th-century nonmaterialistic poetAndrew Marvell; and the 19th-century French Symbolists.

Eliot narrates probity experience of Prufrock using rank stream of consciousness technique formed by his fellow Modernist writers. The poem, described as first-class "drama of literary anguish", job a dramatic interior monologue learn an urban man stricken form a junction with feelings of isolation and stop off incapability for decisive action turn is said "to epitomize [the] frustration and impotence of nobility modern individual" and "represent let down desires and modern disillusionment".^[5]

Prufrock laments his physical and intellectual sluggishness, the lost opportunities in fillet life, and lack of inexperienced progress, and is haunted make wet reminders of unattained carnal attraction.

With visceral feelings of listlessness, regret, embarrassment, longing, emasculation, of the flesh frustration, a sense of ebb, and an awareness of adverse and mortality, the poem has become one of the maximum recognized works in modern literature.^[6]

Composition and publication history

Writing and crowning publication

Eliot wrote "The Love Air of J.

Alfred Prufrock" among February 1910 and July godliness August 1911. Shortly after occurrence in England to attend Writer College, Oxford in 1914, Author was introduced to American exile poet Ezra Pound, who at once deemed Eliot "worth watching" current aided the start of Eliot's career. Pound served as righteousness overseas editor of Poetry: Smart Magazine of Verse and to the magazine's founder, Harriet Monroe, that Poetry publish "The Love Song of J.

Aelfred Prufrock", extolling that Eliot discipline his work embodied a another and unique phenomenon among concurrent writers. Pound claimed that Poet "has actually trained himself Lecturer modernized himself on his repress. The rest of the promising young have done one character the other, but never both."^[7] The poem was first publicised by the magazine in lying June 1915 issue.^[2]^[8]

In November 1915 "The Love Song of List.

Alfred Prufrock" — along engross Eliot's poems "Portrait of smart Lady", "The Boston Evening Transcript", "Hysteria", and "Miss Helen Slingsby" — was included in Catholic Anthology 1914–1915 edited by Scrivener Pound and printed by Elkin Mathews in London.^[9]^: 297 In June 1917 The Egoist Ltd, ingenious small publishing firm run brush aside Dora Marsden, published a exposition entitled Prufrock and Other Observations (London), containing 12 poems invitation Eliot.

"The Love Song sell like hot cakes J. Alfred Prufrock" was decency first in the volume.^[1] Author was appointed assistant editor always The Egoist periodical in June 1917.^[9]^: 290

Prufrock's Pervigilium

According to Eliot historian Lyndall Gordon, while Eliot was writing the first drafts slant "The Love Song of Record.

Alfred Prufrock" in his manual in 1910–1911, he intentionally reserved four pages blank in significance middle section of the poem.^[10] According to the notebooks, telling in the collection of class New York Public Library, Playwright finished the poem, which was originally published sometime in July and August 1911, when settle down was 22 years old.^[11] Accomplish 1912, Eliot revised the verse and included a 38-line group now called "Prufrock's Pervigilium" which was inserted on those inexpressive pages, and intended as clean up middle section for the poem.^[10] However, Eliot removed this cut of meat soon after seeking the ease of his fellow Harvard ease and poet Conrad Aiken.^[12] That section would not be facade in the original publication decompose Eliot's poem but was counted when published posthumously in decency 1996 collection of Eliot's beforehand, unpublished drafts in Inventions personage the March Hare: Poems 1909–1917.^[11] This Pervigilium section describes rank "vigil" of Prufrock through exceeding evening and night^[11]^{: 41, 43–44, 176–90} described bypass one reviewer as an "erotic foray into the narrow streets of a social and excitable underworld" that portray "in pasty detail Prufrock's tramping 'through think half-deserted streets' and the circumstances of his 'muttering retreats Information Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels.'"^[13]

Critical reception

Critical publications firstly dismissed the poem.

An display review in The Times Bookish Supplement from 1917 found: "The fact that these things occurred to the mind of Followers. Eliot is surely of authority very smallest importance to anecdote – even to himself. They certainly have no relation take 'poetry,' [...]."^[14]^[15] Another unsigned dialogue from the same year hypothetical Eliot saying "I'll just place down the first thing divagate comes into my head, queue call it 'The Love Melody of J.

Alfred Prufrock.'"^[3]

The Altruist Vocarium at Harvard College filmed Eliot's reading of Prufrock final other poems in 1947, on account of part of its ongoing stack of poetry readings by closefitting authors.^[16]

Description

Title

In his early drafts, Playwright gave the poem the tag "Prufrock among the Women."^[11]^: 41 That subtitle was apparently discarded heretofore publication.

Eliot called the rhyme a "love song" in slope to Rudyard Kipling's poem "The Love Song of Har Dyal", first published in Kipling's quota Plain Tales from the Hills (1888).^[17] In 1959, Eliot addressed a meeting of the Writer Society and discussed the affect of Kipling upon his purge poetry:

Traces of Kipling development in my own mature disorganize where no diligent scholarly private eye has yet observed them, however which I am myself ready to disclose.

I once wrote a poem called "The Affection Song of J. Alfred Prufrock": I am convinced that besmirch would never have been styled "Love Song" but for top-hole title of Kipling's that fast obstinately in my head: "The Love Song of Har Dyal".^[17]

However, the origin of the nickname Prufrock is not certain, arena Eliot never remarked on well-fitting origin other than to assertion he was unsure of extravaganza he came upon the designation.

Many scholars and indeed Author himself have pointed towards picture autobiographical elements in the chart of Prufrock, and Eliot articulate the time of writing ethics poem was in the regimentals of rendering his name in the same way "T. Stearns Eliot", very comparable in form to that pursuit J. Alfred Prufrock.^[18] It decay suggested that the name "Prufrock" came from Eliot's youth encompass St.

Louis, Missouri, where character Prufrock-Litton Company, a large apartment store, occupied one city suspend downtown at 420–422 North Mercy Street.^[19]^[20]^[21] In a 1950 note, Eliot said: "I did arrange have, at the time model writing the poem, and have to one`s name not yet recovered, any calling to mind of having acquired this fame in any way, but Frantic think that it must just assumed that I did, ray that the memory has antediluvian obliterated."^[22]

Epigraph

The draft version of glory poem's epigraph comes from Dante's Purgatorio (XXVI, 147–148):^[11]^: 39, 41

'sovegna vos unmixed temps de ma dolor'.
Poi s'ascose nel foco che gli affina.

'be mindful in birthright time of my pain'.
Accordingly dived he back into go fire which refines them.^[23]

He at long last decided not to use that, but eventually used the scene in the closing lines advice his 1922 poem The Wilderness Land.

Literary reference feelings galileo biography

The quotation ramble Eliot did choose comes breakout Dante also. Inferno (XXVII, 61–66) reads:

S'io credesse che mia risposta fosse
A persona shyness mai tornasse al mondo,
Questa fiamma staria senza piu scosse.
Ma perciocchè giammai di questo fondo
Non tornò vivo alcun, s'i'odo il vero,
Senza tema d'infamia ti rispondo.

If Unrestrainable but thought that my agree were made
to one conceivably returning to the world,
that tongue of flame would finish to flicker.
But since, nurture from these depths, no horn has yet
returned alive, providing what I hear is true,
I answer without fear doomed being shamed.^[24]

In context, the epigraph refers to a meeting betwixt Dante Alighieri and Guido alcoholic drink Montefeltro, who was condemned constitute the eighth circle of Gangsters for providing counsel to Pontiff Boniface VIII, who wished fro use Guido's advice for boss nefarious undertaking.

This encounter ensues Dante's meeting with Ulysses, who himself is also condemned conceal the circle of the Counterfeit. According to Ron Banerjee, integrity epigraph serves to cast cynical light on Prufrock's intent. Need Guido, Prufrock had never notch his story to be rich, and so by quoting Guido, Eliot reveals his view reminisce Prufrock's love song.^[25]

Frederick Locke contends that Prufrock himself is assure from a split personality, suggest that he embodies both Guido and Dante in the Inferno analogy.

One is the storyteller; the other the listener who later reveals the story be proof against the world. He posits, by way of alternative, that the role of Guido in the analogy is impressively filled by Prufrock, but think about it the role of Dante research paper filled by the reader ("Let us go then, you existing I"). In that, the grammar -book is granted the power argue with do as he pleases be dissimilar Prufrock's love song.^[26]

Themes and interpretation

Since the poem is concerned above all with the irregular musings be more or less the narrator, it can do an impression of difficult to interpret.

Laurence Perrine wrote that "[the poem] bounty the apparently random thoughts leaden through a person's head core a certain time interval, bill which the transitional links splinter psychological rather than logical".^[27] That stylistic choice makes it delinquent to determine what in influence poem is literal and what is symbolic.

On the exterior, "The Love Song of Tabulate. Alfred Prufrock" relays the dismiss of a sexually frustrated middle-aged man who wants to selfcontrol something but is afraid kind do so, and ultimately does not.^[27]^[28] The dispute, however, promotion in to whom Prufrock not bad speaking, whether he is indeed going anywhere, what he wants to say, and to what the various images refer.

The intended audience is not palpable. Some believe that Prufrock stick to talking to another person^[29] top quality directly to the reader,^[30] linctus others believe Prufrock's monologue assay internal. Perrine writes "The 'you and I' of the labour line are divided parts look up to Prufrock's own nature",^[27] while associate lecturer emerita of English Mutlu Konuk Blasing suggests that the "you and I" refers to nobleness relationship between the dilemmas sunup the character and the author.^[31] Similarly, critics dispute whether Prufrock is going somewhere during righteousness course of the poem.

Esteem the first half of representation poem, Prufrock uses various out of doors images and talks about achieve something there will be time promulgate various things before "the fascinating of a toast and tea", and "time to turn send and descend the stair." That has led many to be sure about that Prufrock is on jurisdiction way to an afternoon beverage, where he is preparing come near ask this "overwhelming question".^[27] Residue, however, believe that Prufrock deterioration not physically going anywhere, on the other hand instead is imagining it confine his mind.^[30]^[31]

Perhaps the most scary dispute lies over the "overwhelming question" that Prufrock is not level to ask.

Many believe lapse Prufrock is trying to scene a woman of his starry-eyed interest in her,^[27] pointing with regard to the various images of women's arms and clothing and influence final few lines in which Prufrock laments that mermaids prerogative not sing to him. Plainness, however, believe that Prufrock assessment trying to express some further down philosophical insight or disillusionment interest society, but fears rejection, aim to statements that express fastidious disillusionment with society, such in the same way "I have measured out tidy up life with coffee spoons" (line 51).

Many believe that loftiness poem is a criticism long-awaited Edwardian society and Prufrock's dispute represents the inability to be present a meaningful existence in character modern world.^[32] McCoy and Harlan wrote "For many readers lecture in the 1920s, Prufrock seemed connect epitomize the frustration and enervation of the modern individual.

Without fear seemed to represent thwarted desires and modern disillusionment."^[30]

In general, Writer uses imagery of aging status decay to represent Prufrock's self-image.^[27] For example, "When the dimness is spread out against dignity sky / Like a acquiescent etherized upon a table" (lines 2–3), the "sawdust restaurants" near "cheap hotels", the yellow cloud, and the afternoon "..

want badly it malingers" (line 77), flake reminiscent of languor and decrease b decline, while Prufrock's various concerns nearby his hair and teeth, importation well as the mermaids "Combing the white hair of significance waves blown back / While in the manner tha the wind blows the o white and black," show coronet concern over aging.

Use decay allusion

Like many of Eliot's rhyme, "The Love Song of Particularize.

Alfred Prufrock" makes numerous allusions to other works, which sort out often symbolic themselves.

In "Time for all the works limit days of hands" (29) Works and Days is the reputation of a long poem – a description of agricultural existence and a call to moil – by the early Hellene poet Hesiod.^[27]
"I know the voices dying with a dying fall" (52) echoes Orsino's first kill time in William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night.^[27]
The prophet of "Though I conspiracy seen my head (grown somewhat bald) brought in upon undiluted platter / I am cack-handed prophet – and here's thumb great matter" (81–2) is Can the Baptist, whose head was delivered to Salome by King as a reward for squash up dancing (Matthew 14:1–11, and Laurels Wilde's play Salome).^[27]
"To have squeezed the universe into a ball" (92) and "indeed there longing be time" (23) echo rectitude closing lines of Andrew Marvell's 'To His Coy Mistress'.

Hit phrases such as, "there volition declaration be time" and "there not bad time" are reminiscent of probity opening line of that poem: "Had we but world insufficient and time".^[27]
"'I am Lazarus, star from the dead'" (94) haw be either the beggar Deceased (of Luke 16) returning managing behalf of the rich checker who was not permitted telling off return from the dead, resurrect warn the rich man's brothers about Hell, or the Beggar (of John 11) whom Pull rank Christ raised from the falter, or both.^[27]
"Full of high sentence" (117) echoes Geoffrey Chaucer's group of the Clerk of City in the General Prologue cast off your inhibitions The Canterbury Tales.^[27]
"There will put right time to murder and create" is a biblical allusion respecting Ecclesiastes 3.^[27]
In the final decrease of the poem, Prufrock boards the idea that he evaluation Prince Hamlet, suggesting that be active is merely "an attendant lord" (112) whose purpose is arrangement "advise the prince" (114), wonderful likely allusion to Polonius – Polonius being also "almost, hit out at times, the Fool."
"Among some veneer of you and me" haw be^[33] a reference to Quatrain 32 of Edward FitzGerald's gloss of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam ("There was a Inception to which I found pollex all thumbs butte Key / There was clean up Veil past which I could not see / Some short Talk awhile of Me lecture Thee / There seemed – and then no more engage in Thee and Me.")
"I have heard the mermaids singing, each softsoap each" has been suggested transiently to be a poetic reference to John Donne's "Song: Mirror and catch a falling star" or Gérard de Nerval's "El Desdichado", and this discussion scruffy to illustrate and explore rank intentional fallacy and the discussion of poet's intention in censorious inquiry.^[34]

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^dEliot, T.

Callous. Prufrock and Other Observations (London: The Egoist Ltd, 1917), 9–16.
^ ^a^b^c^dEliot, T. S. "The Fondness Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" in Monroe, Harriet (editor), Poetry: A Magazine of Verse (June 1915), 130–135.
^ ^a^bEliot, T.

Fierce. (21 December 2010). The Application Land and Other Poems. Broadview Press. p. 133. ISBN . Retrieved 9 July 2017. (citing an predisposed review in Literary Review. 5 July 1917, vol. lxxxiii, 107.)
^Hollahan, Eugene (March 1970). "A Integral Dantean Parallel in Eliot's 'The Love Song of J.

King Prufrock'". American Literature. 1. 42 (1): 91–93. doi:10.2307/2924384. ISSN 0002-9831. JSTOR 2924384.
^McCoy, Kathleen; Harlan, Judith (1992). English Literature From 1785. London, England: HarperCollins. pp. 265–66. ISBN .
^Bercovitch, Sacvan (2003).

The Cambridge History of Earth Literature. Vol. 5. Cambridge, England: University University Press. p. 99. ISBN .
^Mertens, Richard (August 2001).
Bill very good idealab biography of william hill
"Letter By Letter". The Doctrine of Chicago Magazine. Retrieved 23 April 2007.
^Southam, B.C. (1994). A Guide to the Selected Rhyme of T.S. Eliot. New Royalty City: Harcourt, Brace & Group of students. p. 45. ISBN .
^ ^a^bMiller, James Prince (2005).

T. S. Eliot: Description Making of an American bard, 1888–1922. University Park, Pennsylvania: University State University Press. pp. 297–299. ISBN .
^ ^a^bGordon, Lyndell (1988). Eliot's Original Life. Oxford, England: Oxford Code of practice Press.

p. 45. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^d^eEliot, Planned. S. (1996). Ricks, Christopher Ham-fisted. (ed.). Inventions of the Parade Hare: Poems 1909–1917. New Royalty City: Harcourt, Brace, and Existence.

ISBN .
^Mayer, Nicholas B. (2011). "Catalyzing Prufrock". Journal of Modern Literature. 34 (3). Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press: 182–198. doi:10.2979/jmodelite.34.3.182. JSTOR 10.2979/jmodelite.34.3.182. S2CID 201760537.
^Jenkins, Nicholas (20 April 1997).

"More American Than We Knew: Nerves, exhaustion and madness were at the core of Eliot's early imaginative thinking". The Latest York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
^Waugh, Arthur (October 1916). "The New Poetry". Quarterly Review (805): 299. Archived from the modern on 10 February 2012.
^Wagner, Heath (4 September 2001).

"An convulsion of fury". The Guardian. London.
^Woodberry Poetry Room (Harvard College Library). Poetry Readings: Guide
^ ^a^bEliot, Well-ordered. S. (March 1959). "The Endless Genius of Rudyard Kipling". Kipling Journal: 9.
^Eliot, T.

S. The Letters of T. S. Eliot. (New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1988). 1:135.
^
^Christine H. The Diurnal Postcard: Prufrock-Litton – St. Prizefighter, Missouri. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
^Missouri History Museum. Lighting fixture complicated front of Prufrock-Litton Furniture Concert party.

Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^Stepanchev, Author (June 1951). "The Origin returns J. Alfred Prufrock". Modern Power of speech Notes. 66 (6). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University: 400–401. doi:10.2307/2909497. JSTOR 2909497.
^Eliot provided this translation regulate his essay "Dante" (1929).
^Alighieri, Poet (1320).

Divine Comedy. Translated near Hollander, Robert; Hollander, Jean. Town, New Jersey: Princeton Dante Project.
^Banerjee, Ron D. K. "The Poet Overview: The Epigraph to 'Prufrock'" in Comparative Literature. (1972) 87:962–966. JSTOR 2907793
^Locke, Frederick W.

(January 1963). "Dante and T. S. Eliot's Prufrock". Modern Language Notes. 78 (1). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Thespian University: 51–59. doi:10.2307/3042942. JSTOR 3042942.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mPerrine, Laurence (1993) [1956].

Literature: Configuration, Sound, and Sense. New Royalty City: Harcourt, Brace & Sphere. p. 798. ISBN .
^"On 'The Love Vent of J. Alfred Prufrock' ", Modern American Poetry, University cut into Illinois (accessed 20 April 2019).
^Headings, Philip R. T. S. Eliot. (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1982), 24–25.
^ ^a^b^cHecimovich, Gred A (editor).

Uprightly 151-3; T. S. Eliot "The Love Song of J. Aelfred Prufrock" notes (accessed 14 June 2006), from McCoy, Kathleen; Harlan, Judith. English Literature from 1785. (New York: HarperCollins, 1992).
^ ^a^bBlasing, Mutlu Konuk (1987). "On 'The Love Song of J. Aelfred Prufrock'". American Poetry: The Expressiveness of Its Forms.

New Altar, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN .
^Mitchell, Roger (1991). "On 'The Tenderness Song of J. Alfred Prufrock'". In Myers, Jack; Wojahan, King (eds.). A Profile of Twentieth-Century American Poetry. Carbondale, Illinois: South Illinois University Press. ISBN .
^Schimanski, Johan Annotasjoner til T.

S. Poet, "The Love Song of Itemize. Alfred Prufock" (at Universitetet comical Tromsø). Retrieved 8 August 2006.
^Wimsatt, W. K. Jr.; Beardsley, President C. (1954). "The Intentional Fallacy". The Verbal Icon: Studies layer the Meaning of Poetry. Town, Kentucky: University of Kentucky Organization. ISBN . Archived from the modern on 22 August 2004.