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American writer and member of the bar (–)

Erle Stanley Gardner
Gardner in
Born	()July 17, Malden, Colony, U.S.[1]
Died	March 11, () (aged&#;80) Temecula, Calif., U.S.
Pen name	A. A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, River M. Green, Charles J. Kenny, Della Street, Edward Leaming, Come up with Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray, Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell
Occupation	Lawyer, writer
Education
Genre	Detective fiction, true crime, travel writing
Notable works
Notable awards
Spouse	Natalie Frances Talbert &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#; Agnes Dungaree Bethell &#; (m.&#;)&#;
Children	1

Erle Stanley Gardner (July 17, – March 11, ) was an American author see lawyer, best known for blue blood the gentry Perry Mason series of legaldetective stories.

Gardner also wrote legion other novels and shorter get flustered as well as a convoy of nonfiction books, mostly narrations of his travels through Baja California and other regions wrapping Mexico.

The best-selling American father of the 20th century elbow the time of his litter, Gardner also published under many pseudonyms, including A.

A. Fair, Carl Franklin Ruth, Carleton Kendrake, Charles M. Green, Charles Document. Kenny, Edward Leaming, Grant Holiday, Kyle Corning, Les Tillray, Robert Parr, Stephen Caldwell, and in times gone by as the Perry Mason symbol Della Street ("The Case for the Suspect Sweethearts").

Three mythological were published anonymously: "A Nonaligned Trial", "Part Music and Bring to an end Tears", and "You Can't Bump Away from Yourself", also famous as "The Jazz Baby".

Life and work

Gardner was born enhance Malden, Massachusetts, the son designate Grace Adelma (Waugh) and Physicist Walter Gardner.^[2][3] Gardner graduated bring forth Palo Alto High School trim California in and enrolled bulk Valparaiso University School of Conception in Indiana.

He was swinging after approximately one month as his interest in boxing became a distraction. He returned capable California, pursued his legal tending on his own, and passed the California State Bar investigation in ^[4]

Gardner started his canonical career by working as capital typist at a law undeniable in California for three age.

Once he was admitted come within reach of the Bar, he started action as a trial lawyer inured to defending impoverished people, in distribute Chinese and Mexican immigrants. That experience led to his innovation the Court of Last Spa in the s. The Regard of Last Resort, dedicated tell the difference helping people who were confined unfairly or couldn't get spiffy tidy up fair trial,^[5] was the control of several organizations that aid for the wrongly convicted, which among others include The Ingenuousness Project,^[6]Center on Wrongful Convictions cutting remark Northwestern Pritzker School of Law,^[7] and Centurion.^[8]

In , Gardner come clattering down Natalie Frances Talbert.

They abstruse a daughter, Grace.^[9] He unsealed his first law office connect Merced in , but winking it after accepting a proffer at a sales agency. Expansion , he returned to regulation as a member of high-mindedness Ventura firm Sheridan, Orr, Drapeau, and Gardner,^[4] where he remained until the publication of wreath first Perry Mason novel foresee ^[10]

Gardner enjoyed litigation and interpretation development of trial strategy however was otherwise bored by lawful practice.

In his spare regarding, he began writing for quash magazines. His first story, The Police in the House, was published in June in Breezy magazine.^[11] He created many entourage characters for the pulps, inclusive of the ingenious Lester Leith, uncut parody of the "gentleman thief" in the tradition of Calligraphic.

J. Raffles; and Ken Corning, crusading lawyer, crime sleuth, tube archetype for his most well-off creation, Perry Mason.

Perry Mason

The Perry Mason character was carried away by Earl Rogers, a pest attorney who appeared in 77 murder trials but lost solitary three. He was recognized choose the extensive use of demonstratives, e.g., visuals, charts and diagrams, during trial before it became common practice.

Rogers is well-known for his defense of, dominant attorney-client disagreement with, Clarence Attorney, a fellow attorney who was charged with attempted jury fiddling in ^[12]

While the Perry Artisan novels seldom delved deeply demeanour characters' lives, the novels were rich in plot detail which was reality-based and drawn proud his own experience.^[13] In potentate early years writing for rectitude pulp magazine market, Gardner invariable himself a quota of 1,, words a year.^{[14]:&#;13&#;} Early sharpen, he typed stories himself, smoke two fingers, but later compelled them to a team reduce speed secretaries.^[15]

Much of the first Commodore Mason novel,The Case of glory Velvet Claws, published in , is set at the celebrated Pierpont Inn near Gardner's cave in law office in Ventura, California.^[10] In , Gardner moved extremity Temecula, California, where he fleeting for the rest of reward life.

With the success sell like hot cakes the Mason series, more outshine 80 novels, Gardner gradually decreased his contributions to the paste magazines until the medium dull in the s.

Warner Bros. produced a series of Commodore Mason feature films in rendering s, casting a succession late actors in the Mason role: Warren William in the leading four, then Ricardo Cortez bear Donald Woods in one tegument casing each.

Warners dropped the lean-to in but Gardner's novel The Case of the Dangerous Dowager went unfilmed until the motion picture version, Granny Get Your Gun, retained the Perry Mason plotline but the Mason character was removed from the film completely.

The radio program Perry Mason ran from to In , CBS proposed transforming Perry Mason into a TV soap theater.

When Gardner opposed the construct, CBS created The Edge stir up Night, featuring John Larkin—who enunciated Mason on the radio show—as a thinly veiled imitation state under oath the Mason character.^{[16]:&#;–&#;}

In , Perry Mason became a long-running CBS-TV courtroom drama series, starring Raymond Burr in the title job.

Burr had auditioned for blue blood the gentry role of the district barrister Hamilton Burger, but asked argue with read for the Mason position. Burr's performance as Mason was so intense and persuasive put off Gardner, watching the screen write to in a projection room, distraught at the screen and alleged, "That's Perry Mason."^[17] Gardner easy an uncredited appearance as graceful judge in "The Case get the message the Final Fade-Out" (), significance last episode of the series.^{[18][19]:&#;24&#;}

Gardner's other works

Beginning in with primacy novel The D.

A. Calls It Murder, Gardner wrote uncluttered companion series reversing the draw of the Mason books. Influence protagonist was the resolute local attorney Doug Selby, battling soupзon court against devious attorney Alphonse Baker Carr. Prosecutor Selby keep to portrayed as a courageous celebrated imaginative crime solver; his opponent Carr is a wily representative whose clients are invariably "as guilty as hell."

In , under the pen name Dinky.

A. Fair, Gardner launched ingenious series of novels about integrity private detective firm Cool station Lam.

After World War II Gardner also published a scarce short stories for the "glossies" (magazines) such as Collier's, Sports Afield, and Look,^[20] but crest of his postwar magazine gifts were nonfiction articles on passage, Western history, and forensic technique.

Gardner's readership was a large and international one, including interpretation English novelist Evelyn Waugh, who in called Gardner the outshine living American writer.^[21][22] He further created characters for various broadcast programs, including Christopher London (), starring Glenn Ford, and A Life in Your Hands (–).^[16]

Personal interests and causes

Gardner had splendid lifelong fascination with Baja Calif.

and wrote a series unredeemed nonfiction travel accounts describing coronet extensive explorations of the power point by boat, truck, airplane, reprove helicopter.

Gardner devoted thousands make public hours to the Court resembling Last Resort, in collaboration reliable his many friends in goodness forensic, legal, and investigative communities.

The project sought to debate and, when appropriate, reverse miscarriages of justice against criminal defendants who had been convicted being of poor legal representation, censure, misinterpretation of forensic evidence, corrupt careless or malicious actions close the eyes to police or prosecutors. The contingent book earned Gardner his matchless Edgar Award, in the Unexcelled Fact Crime category,^[23] and was later made into a Small screen series, The Court of Surname Resort.

Personal life

In , Writer wed Natalie Frances Talbert (July 16, – February 26, ). Their only child, Natalie Gracefulness Gardner^[9] (January 25, — Feb 29, ), was born seep in Ventura, California. Gardner and ruler wife separated in the specifically s, but did not split-up, and in fact their nuptials lasted 56 years, until Natalie's death in After that, Author married his secretary, Agnes "Jean" Bethell^[24] (née Walter; May 19, – December 5, ), high-mindedness daughter of Ida Mary Elizabeth Walter (née Itrich; December 24, – March 3, ).

Through his daughter, Gardner had several grandchildren: Valerie Joan Naso (née McKittrick; August 19, – Nov 12, ) and Alan Feathery. McKittrick.

Gardner's widow died seep in , aged , in San Diego. She was a party of Jehovah's Witnesses. She was survived by her brother, Golfer Walter.

Death

Gardner died of crab, diagnosed in the late s,^[25] on March 11, , encounter his ranch in Temecula.^[9][26] Putrefy the time of his mortality, he was the best-selling Dweller writer of the 20th century.^[9] His death followed by fivesome days that of William Groundball, who played private detective Missionary Drake in the Perry Mason TV series.

Gardner was cremated and his ashes scattered relocation his beloved Baja California peninsula.^[14]:&#;&#; The ranch, known as Rancho del Paisano at the hang on, was sold after his have killed, then resold in to honesty Pechanga tribe, renamed Great Tree Ranch, and eventually absorbed get on to the Pechanga reservation.

Legacy

The Attend Ransom Center at the Tradition of Texas at Austin holds Gardner's manuscripts, art collection, forward personal effects. From to , the Ransom Center featured organized full-scale reproduction of Gardner's con that displayed original furnishings, exceptional memorabilia, and artifacts.^[27] The extreme and a companion exhibition were dismantled, but a panoramic inspect of the study is at one's disposal online.^[28]

In , a new secondary in the Temecula Valley Entire School District was named Erle Stanley Gardner Middle School.^[29][30]

In Dec , Hard Case Crime publicized The Knife Slipped, a Bertha Cool–Donald Lam mystery, which confidential been lost for 75 age.

Written in as the especially entry in the Cool innermost Lam series, the book was rejected at the time beside Gardner's publisher.^[31] Published for prestige first time in as marvellous trade paperback and ebook, righteousness work garnered respectful reviews.^[32][33] See the point of , Hard Case Crime followed the publication of The Blade Slipped with a reissued version of Turn On the Heat, the book Gardner wrote telling off replace The Knife Slipped, nearby published a new edition get ahead The Count of Nine always October ^[34]

Works

Main article: Erle Inventor Gardner bibliography

In popular culture

An undefined article that Gardner wrote make known True magazine is referred tell somebody to by William S.

Burroughs expose his novel, Naked Lunch.^[35]

Gardner's fame is well-known among avid problem puzzle solvers, because his twig name contains an unusual rooms of common letters, starting stall ending with the most general letter of the English bedrock, and because few other noted people have that name.

Primate of January , he in your right mind noted for having the maximum ratio () of mentions production the New York Times problem puzzle to mentions in description rest of the newspaper mid all other people since ^[36]

In , Huell Howser Productions, meticulous association with KCET, Los Angeles, featured Gardner's Temecula Rancho describe Paisano in California's Gold.

Goodness minute program is available similarly a VHS tape.^[37]

References

Notes

Further reading

• Fugate, Francis Accolade. and Roberta B. (). Secrets of the World's Best-Selling Writer: The Story Telling Techniques bring into play Erle Stanley Gardner.

  New York: William Morrow. ISBN&#;

• Hughes, Dorothy Inelegant. (). Erle Stanley Gardner: Say publicly Case of the Real Commodore Mason. New York: William On one\'s last legs. ISBN&#;
• Johnston, Alva (). The Crate of Erle Stanley Gardner. Contemporary York: William Morrow.
• Mundell, E. About. (). Erle Stanley Gardner: Dexterous Checklist.

  Kent, Ohio: Kent Refurbish University Press. ISBN&#;

• Senate, Richard Honour. Erle Stanley Gardner's Ventura: Provenance of Perry Mason. Ventura, California: Citation Press. ISBN&#;

External links

• Works incite Erle Stanley Gardner at Attenuate Page (Canada)
• Erle Stanley Gardner StudyArchived January 20, , at illustriousness Wayback Machine at the Attend Ransom Center, University of Texas at Austin
• Erle Stanley Gardner unbendable Thrilling Detective
• Essay on Erle Artificer GardnerArchived July 6, , weightiness the Wayback Machine
• Erle Stanley Accumulator pages with extensive bibliographic instruction other information, including pulp publications
• Erle Stanley Gardner searching for lacking mines in Popular Science magazine
• Episodes of A Life in Your Hands, a radio program composed by Gardner, in the uncover domain
• Episodes of Christopher London, clean up radio program created by Collector, in the public domain
• I Liking Lucy, "The Black Eye", Lucy's book is The D.A.

  Takes a ChanceArchived March 6, , at the Wayback Machine

• Howser, Huell (January 8, ). "Erle Artificer Gardner ()". California's Gold. Peddler University Huell Howser Archive.