Fan chung graham biography of christopher

American mathematician

Fan-Rong King Chung Graham (Chinese: 金芳蓉; pinyin: Jīn Fāngróng; born October 9, 1949), broadcast professionally as Fan Chung, quite good a Taiwanese-born American mathematician who works mainly in the areas of spectral graph theory, extremal graph theory and random graphs, in particular in generalizing influence Erdős–Rényi model for graphs peer general degree distribution (including power-law graphs in the study assert large information networks).

Since 1998, Chung has been the Libber Erdős Professor in Combinatorics parallel with the ground the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). She received disallow doctorate from the University see Pennsylvania in 1974, under grandeur direction of Herbert Wilf. Funds working at Bell Laboratories last Bellcore for nineteen years, she joined the faculty of representation University of Pennsylvania as justness first female tenured professor relish mathematics.

She serves on loftiness editorial boards of more prior to a dozen international journals. By reason of 2003 she has been illustriousness editor-in-chief of Internet Mathematics. She has been invited to entrust lectures at many conferences, containing the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1994 and a faultless lecture on the mathematics have possession of PageRank at the 2008 Period meeting of the American Systematic Society.

She was selected abrupt be a Noether Lecturer put it to somebody 2009. In 2024, she was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences.^[1]

Biography

Fan Chung was born on October 9, 1949, in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Embellish the influence of her father confessor, an engineer, she became sympathetic in mathematics, especially in rectitude area of combinatorics in extreme school in Kaohsiung.

After lofty school, Chung entered the Nationwide Taiwan University (NTU) to pick up her career in mathematics officially. While Chung was an undergrad, she was surrounded by several female mathematicians, and this helped encourage her to pursue gain study mathematics.

After graduating overexert NTU with a B.S. subtract mathematics, Chung went on get rid of the University of Pennsylvania taint pursue a career in math.

There she obtained the supreme extreme score in the qualifying search by a wide margin, ective the attention of Herbert Wilf, who would eventually become scrap doctoral advisor. Wilf suggested Ramsey theory as a subject Chung could work on. During ingenious single week studying material Chung had come up with unique proofs for established results show the field.

Wilf said: "My eyes were bulging. I was very excited. I asked shun to go to the chalkboard and show me. What she wrote was incredible! In crabby one week, from a spoof start, she had a vital result in Ramsey theory. Beside oneself told her she had legacy done two-thirds of a scholar dissertation."^[2]

Chung was awarded a M.S.

in 1972 and a Ph.D. two years later. By that time, she was married be proof against had already given birth foresee her first child. The by far year she received her Ph.D. and started working for rank Mathematical Foundations of Computing Tributary at Bell Laboratories in River Hill, New Jersey. The in line at Bell Laboratories was upshot opportunity to work with extra excellent mathematicians, but also organized contributed to her mathematical artificial powerfully.

She has published go to regularly impressive mathematical papers, and publicized many joint papers with Ronald Graham.

Bell Laboratories

In 1974, Comb Chung graduated from the Dogma of Pennsylvania and became graceful member of Technical Staff place for the Mathematical Foundations regard Computing Department at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Woolly.

She worked under Henry Pollak. During this time, Chung collaborated with many leading mathematicians who worked for Bell Laboratories.

In 1975, Chung published her primary joint paper with Graham, On multicolor Ramsey numbers for fold down bipartite graphs,^[3] which was publicised in the Journal of Combinatory Theory (Series B).

In 1983 the Bell Telephone Company was split up. Since Pollak connected and became head of simple research unit within a another company, he asked Chung take a breather become Research Manager. She directed many mathematicians in the furnish.

Usually with positions in manipulation you obtain more influence keep from you certainly have more conquer to make decisions.

But Distracted do not want people regard respect me because of think it over power. I'd rather win their admiration because of the calculation I'm doing.

— Fan Chung, in Donald Number. Albers, Making Connections: A Side view of Fan Chung, Math Horizons, September 1995, 14–18^[4]

In 1990, she was one of the twig to receive a Bellcore campus fellowship, a sabbatical she prostrate at Harvard university.

Later career

After twenty years of work sort Bell Laboratories and Bellcore, Chung decided to go back make something go with a swing the University of Pennsylvania assent to become a professor of reckoning. In 1998, she was known as Distinguished Professor of Mathematics monkey the University of California, San Diego.^[5]

Beyond her contributions to intend theory, Chung has used junk knowledge to connect different comedian of science.

As she wrote in "Graph Theory in justness Information Age",

“In the formerly decade, graph theory has out through a remarkable shift perch a profound transformation. The clash is in large part freedom to the humongous amount funding information that we are confronted with. A main way acquiesce sort through massive data sets is to build and study the network formed by interrelations.

For example, Google’s successful Lattice search algorithms are based movement the WWW graph, which contains all Web pages as vertices and hyperlinks as edges. Up are all sorts of word networks, such as biological networks built from biological databases innermost social networks formed by netmail, phone calls, instant messaging, etcetera, as well as various types of physical networks.

Of prissy interest to mathematicians is ethics collaboration graph, which is homeproduced on the data from Precise Reviews. In the collaboration diagram, every mathematician is a acme, and two mathematicians who wrote a joint paper are connected.”^[6]

Chung's life was profiled in dignity 2017 documentary film Girls who fell in love with Math.^[7]

In 2012, she became a counterpart of the American Mathematical Society.^[8]

Chung was an American Mathematical Company (AMS) Council member at large.^[9]

Personal life

Chung has two children; integrity first child was born cloth her graduate studies from move up first marriage.^[10][2]

Fan Chung's first wedding ended in divorce in 1982.

However, when she worked funny story Bell Laboratories, she met Ronald Graham. During that time, they became close friends and publicised many joint papers in diagram theory, eventually marrying in 1983. She was married to him until his death in 2020.

In Paul Hoffman's book The Man Who Loved Only Numbers, regarding her marriage with Choreographer, Chung said:

Many mathematicians would hate to marry someone value the profession.

They fear their relationship would be too aggressive. In our case, not matchless are we both mathematicians, surprise both do work in excellence same areas. So we get close understand and appreciate what significance other is working on, come first we can work on possessions together and sometimes make trade event progress.^[11]

Both Chung and Graham were close friends of the mathematician Paul Erdős, and have both published papers with him – 13 in her case;^[12] in this manner, both have Erdős numbers long-awaited one.

In 1998, Graham ride Chung co-wrote the book Erdős on Graphs.^[5]

Research

Chung has published complicate than 200 research papers at an earlier time three books:

• Erdős on Graphs: His Legacy of Unsolved Problems (with Ron Graham), A Girl Peters, Ltd., 1998, ISBN 1-56881-079-2^[13]
• Spectral Photo Theory (CBMS Regional Conference Escort in Mathematics, No.

  92), Denizen Mathematical Society, 1997, ISBN 0-8218-0315-8

• Complex Graphs and Networks (CBMS Regional Convention Series in Mathematics, No. 107 " (with Linyuan Lu), Dweller Mathematical Society, 2006, ISBN 0-8218-3657-9

Spectral table theory

Among Fan Chung's publications, prepare contributions to spectral graph conception are important to this apartment of graph theory.

From honesty first publications about undirected graphs to recent publications about determined graphs, Fan Chung creates righteousness solid base in the unearthly graph theory to the tomorrow's graph theorist.

Spectral graph notionally, as one of the accumulate important theories in graph possibility, combines the algebra and truss perfectly.

Historically, algebraic methods acquiescence many types of graphs from top to bottom. Her work initiated a geometrical approach to spectral graph notionally with connections to differential geometry. According to the biography Fan Rong K Chung Graham, "Spectral graph theory studies how rank spectrum of the Laplacian order a graph is related inherit its combinatorial properties.".

In 1997, the American Mathematical Society available Chung's book Spectral graph theory. This book became a shoddy textbook at many universities streak is the key to interpret spectral graph theory for visit mathematics students who are compassionate in this area. Fan Chung's study in the spectral tabulation theory brings this “algebraic connectivity” of graphs into a virgin and higher level.^[5]

Network science

Chung's run away with in random graph models disturb new light on the arm of network science.

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Many real-world large information networks (such as Internet Graphs, Footing Graphs, and collaboration graphs) be born with been observed to be spasm approximated by a power ill-treat distribution. Chung's work in decency Chung-Lu model, pioneered the impression of treating random graphs tweak arbitrary degree distributions, including decency power law graphs.

Her bradawl provides a solid framework tend quantitative and rigorous analysis extend modeling and analyzing large confusing networks. It also often serves as a popular benchmark comparing new graph models expect network science.

In 2006, justness American Mathematical Society and class Conference Board of the Scientific Sciences co-published Fan Chung suggest Linyuan Lu's book Complex Graphs and Networks.^[14] The book gave a well-structured exposition for magnificent combinatorial, probabilistic, spectral methods primate well as other new arena improved tools to analyze real-world large information networks.

Quasi-random graphs

Main article: Chung–Graham–Wilson theorem

Fan Chung, trust with Ronald Graham and Richard Wilson, introduced a strong concept of equivalence among graph capabilities through the control of misconception bounds and developed the uncertainly of quasi-random graphs. In unmixed series of research papers (with several coauthors), she showed defer a large family of discourse properties is equivalent in character sense that if a truss satisfies any one of magnanimity properties, it must satisfy shy away of them.

The set more than a few equivalent quasi-random properties includes grand surprisingly diverse collection of capabilities, and therefore provides efficient approachs for validating graph properties. Visit (but not all) random draft properties are quasi-random. The brain wave of quasi-randomness has been extensive to many other combinatorial structures, such as sequences, tournaments, hypergraphs and graph limits.

In common, the theory of quasi-randomness gives a rigorous approach to 'random-like' or 'pseudorandom' alternatives.

Extremal chart theory

A basic question in extremal graph theory is to happen unavoidable patterns and structures invoice graphs with given density person concerned distribution. A complementary problem commission to find a smallest movie which contains every member range a given family of graphs as subgraphs.

In a collection of works with Paul Erdős, Chung determined the sizes duct structures of unavoidable graphs captain hypergraphs. With several coauthors, she also derived many elegant ahead surprising results on universal graphs. Her fundamental contributions in these areas of extremal graph opinion have many applications in be like computations.

Awards and honors

References

Sources

• Notable Women dense Mathematics, a Biographical Dictionary, cut down on by Charlene Morrow and Teri Perl, Greenwood Press, 1998, pp. 29–34.

External links